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这篇文章主要介绍“Scripting脚本的介绍和使用方法”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在Scripting脚本的介绍和使用方法问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”Scripting脚本的介绍和使用方法”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
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官方7.9版本:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.9/modules-scripting.html
通过ES脚本来解决,其允许用户在一些特定的API中对自定义表达式进行求值。
版本 | 使用脚本 |
---|---|
< Elasticsearch 1.4 | MVEL 脚本 |
< Elasticsearch 5.0 | Groovy 脚本 |
‘>= Elasticsearch 5.0 | painless 脚本 |
Painless是一种简单,安全的脚本语言,专为与Elasticsearch一起使用而设计。它是Elasticsearch的默认脚本语言,可以安全地用于内联和存储脚本。
Painless特点:
性能优秀:Painless脚本运行速度比备选方案(包括Groovy)快几倍。
安全性强:使用白名单来限制函数与字段的访问,避免了可能的安全隐患。
可选输入:变量和参数可以使用显式类型或动态def类型。
上手容易:扩展了java的基本语法,并兼容groove风格的脚本语言特性。
特定优化:是ES官方专为Elasticsearch脚本编写而设计。
增删改查能解决业务场景80%的问题,Painless脚本操作一般应用于相对复杂的业务场景中。
自定义字段
自定义评分
自定义更新
自定义reindex
聚合
其他自定义操作
在 update, update-by-query, 或 reindex API中使用脚本时,需要通过ctx去访问文档中的字段。 ctx._source: 访问文档_source字段 ctx.op: 对文档对应的操作,包括index和delete ctx._index : 访问文档的 meta-fields 其他字段或变量的访问见: update context
"script": { "lang": "...", # 代表language脚本语言,默认指定为:painless "source" | "id": "...", # 脚本的核心部分,id应用于:stored script "params": { ... } # 传递给脚本使用的变量参数 }
如:需要给每个doc的complexrank字段翻倍并返回翻倍后的值
POST sphinx-doctor/_search { "from": 0, "size": 20, "query": { "match_all": {} }, "_source": "complexrank", "script_fields": { "custom_field": { "script": { "lang": "expression", # 这里脚本语言选择的expression "source": "doc['complexrank'] * multiplier", "params": { "multiplier": 2 } } } } } 说明:对原索引中的complexrank字段值进行2倍返回给custom_field字段 { "took":20, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{ "total":1, "successful":1, "skipped":0, "failed":0 }, "hits":{ "total":194354, "max_score":1, "hits":[ { "_index":"sphinx-doctor-20.11.06-103145", "_type":"_doc", "_id":"740", "_score":1, "_source":{ "complexrank":"5985" }, "fields":{ "custom_field":[ 11970 ] } }, { "_index":"sphinx-doctor-20.11.06-103145", "_type":"_doc", "_id":"742", "_score":1, "_source":{ "complexrank":"5325" }, "fields":{ "custom_field":[ 10650 ] } } ] } }
如:返回日期字段中的“年”或“月”或“日”等
POST drug/_search { "from": 0, "size": 20, "query": { "match_all": {} }, "script_fields": { "custom_field": { "script": { "source": "doc.ctime.value.year" #月:month } } } } { "took":57, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{ "total":1, "successful":1, "skipped":0, "failed":0 }, "hits":{ "total":173536, "max_score":1, "hits":[ { "_index":"drug-20.12.03-151452", "_type":"_doc", "_id":"1883795984", "_score":1, "fields":{ "custom_field":[ 2014 ] } }, { "_index":"drug-20.12.03-151452", "_type":"_doc", "_id":"1883795985", "_score":1, "fields":{ "custom_field":[ 2014 ] } } ] } }
POST sphinx-doctor/_search { "from": 0, "size": 2, "_source": "hospitalname", "query": { "function_score": { "query": { "match": { "hospitalname": { "query": "北京协和医院" } } }, "functions": [ { "filter": { "match_all": { "boost": 1 } }, "script_score": { "script": { "source": "_score *params._score + doc['rank'].value * params.rank + doc['adminlevel'].value * params.adminlevel", "lang": "painless", # # 是Lucene’s expressions 脚本语言 "params": { "adminlevel": 2500, "rank": 0.5, "_score": 1 } } } } ], "score_mode": "sum", "max_boost": 3.4028235e+38, "boost": 1 } }, "track_scores": true } { "took" : 487, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 777965, "max_score" : 449721.3, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "sphinx-doctor-20.12.09-010000", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "175477", "_score" : 449721.3, "_source" : { "hospitalname" : "北京协和医院" } }, { "_index" : "sphinx-doctor-20.12.09-010000", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "221609", "_score" : 440269.34, "_source" : { "hospitalname" : "北京协和医院" } } ] } } Java API:排序 String scriptText = "_score *params._score + doc['rank'].value * params.rank + doc['adminlevel'].value * params.adminlevel"; Mapparams = new HashMap<>(); params.put("_score", 1.0f); params.put("rank", 0.5f); params.put("adminlevel", 2500f); Script script = new Script(ScriptType.INLINE, "painless", scriptText, params); ScriptScoreFunctionBuilder scriptScoreFunctionBuilder = ScoreFunctionBuilders.scriptFunction(script); FunctionScoreQueryBuilder functionScoreQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.functionScoreQuery(boolQueryBuilder, scriptScoreFunctionBuilder) .scoreMode(FunctionScoreQuery.ScoreMode.SUM); builder.query(functionScoreQueryBuilder); builder.from(offset); builder.size(limit); //当使用排序_sort 来指定依据某些字段排序。就不会计算得分,需要设置"track_scores":true,这样分数就会被计算和跟踪。 builder.trackScores(true);
update:将已有字段值赋值给其他字段。
POST sphinx-doctor/_doc/102647/_update { "script": { "lang": "painless", "source": "ctx._source.hospitalname = params.hospitalname;ctx._source.name = params.name", "params": { "hospitalname": "北京协和医院", "name": "协和医生" } } }
update_by_query
POST sphinx-doctor/_update_by_query { "query": { "term": { "id": { "value": "102647" } } }, "script": { "lang": "painless", "source": """ if (ctx._source.registerordercount >= 500) { ctx._source.registerordercount += 200; } else { ctx.op = 1000; } """ } }
POST _reindex { "source": { "index": "sphinx-doctor-20.12.02-150616", "size": 4000 }, "dest": { "index": "sphinx-doctor-20.12.03-151452" }, "script": { "source": "ctx._source.complexrank += 10;\nctx._source.netcaseprice = 100;" } }
POST sphinx-doctor/_search { "from": 0, "size": 20, "query": { "match": { "hospitalname": "北京协和医院" } }, "aggs": { "grade": { "terms": { "script": { "source": "doc['grade.keyword'].value", "lang": "painless" } } } } } { "took" : 187, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 193445, "max_score" : 44.18691, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "sphinx-doctor-20.11.06-103145", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "30626487346", "_score" : 44.18691, "_source" : { "registerordercount" : 0, "hospitalfacultyname" : "神经内科", "idx_doctoridprimary" : "DoctorIdPrimary_335", "hospitaldistrict" : "东城", "caseopened" : true, "isonline" : null, "dummy" : "SELECT_ALL", "facultyid" : "1007000", "price" : "10", "rank" : "0", "ctime" : "1568269475", "id" : "30626487346", "clinicprice" : "20.00", "idx_hospitalfacultyid" : "HospitalFacultyId_335", "educategrade" : "", "adminlevel" : "1", "isprimarydoctor" : 1, "isexpert" : true, "bookingvisitnum" : 0, "primaryid" : "30626487346", "hospitalfacultyid" : "335", "spaceid" : "200007660088", "hospitalcity" : "北京", "isopenvideo" : true, "grade" : "主任医师", "name" : "3 0626487346", "idx_fix_bigcity" : "北京协和医院北京协和医院北京协和医院北京协和医院测试用", "phoneopened" : true, "onlineschedule" : "20201207,20201214,20201221", "isvideotpl" : false, "issanjia" : true, "hospitalprovince" : "北京", "servicelevel" : 2, "title" : "", "confirmed" : "1", "isvip" : false, "general" : 0, "menzhenprice" : "10", "isopencosvideo" : false, "hospitalname" : "北京协和医院北京协和医院北京协和医院北京协和医院测试用", "netcaseprice" : "20.00", "registrprice" : 0, "free" : 0, "workstatus" : "0", "registtationopened" : null, "indextype" : "doctor", "utime" : 1606978403, "complexrank" : "5985", "sex" : "1", "reservationopened" : null, "idx_doctorid" : "DoctorId_30626487346", "idx_hospital_info" : "北京协和医院北京协和医院北京协和医院北京协和医院测试用,北京协和医院,33北京协和医院,协和医院,协和东院,协和东院区,北京协和医院东院,协和西院,北京邮电总医院,邮电总医院,北京协和西院,北京协和医院西院区,北京协和医院西院,北京协和,北京市协和,北京邮电医院,协合医院,北京市协和医院,中国医学科学院北京协和医院,北京协合医院45,协和医院,北京协和,北京市协和,协和东院,北京协和医院东院,协和西院,北京邮电医院,北京协和西院,北京协和医院西院,协合医院,北京市协和医院,中国医学科学院北京协和医院,北京协合医院", "isopenrecipe" : false, "hits" : "0", "iscosmetologydoctor" : null, "hospitalid" : "1", "idx_facultyid" : "FacultyId_1007000", "activitytime" : "1568269520", "hospitalgrade" : "6", "idx_hospitalid" : "HospitalId_1", "username" : "francoliu" } }, { "_index" : "sphinx-doctor-20.11.06-103145", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "310346050824", "_score" : 40.138744, "_source" : { "registerordercount" : 0, "hospitalfacultyname" : "心血管内科", "idx_doctoridprimary" : "DoctorIdPrimary_341", "hospitaldistrict" : "东城", "caseopened" : false, "isonline" : null, "dummy" : "SELECT_ALL", "facultyid" : "1010000", "price" : 0, "rank" : "0", "ctime" : "1605859848", "id" : "310346050824", "clinicprice" : 0, "idx_hospitalfacultyid" : "HospitalFacultyId_341", "educategrade" : "教授", "adminlevel" : "4", "isprimarydoctor" : 1, "isexpert" : true, "bookingvisitnum" : 0, "primaryid" : "310346050824", "hospitalfacultyid" : "341", "spaceid" : "0", "hospitalcity" : "北京", "isopenvideo" : null, "grade" : "主任医师", "name" : "地名", "idx_fix_bigcity" : "北京协和医院", "phoneopened" : false, "onlineschedule" : "", "isvideotpl" : false, "issanjia" : true, "hospitalprovince" : "北京", "servicelevel" : 0, "title" : "", "confirmed" : "", "isvip" : false, "general" : 0, "menzhenprice" : 0, "isopencosvideo" : false, "hospitalname" : "北京协和医院", "netcaseprice" : 0, "registrprice" : 0, "free" : 0, "workstatus" : "0", "registtationopened" : null, "indextype" : "doctor", "utime" : 1605859882, "complexrank" : "0", "sex" : "1", "reservationopened" : null, "idx_doctorid" : "DoctorId_310346050824", "idx_hospital_info" : "北京协和医院,北京协和医院,33北京协和医院,协和医院,协和东院,协和东院区,北京协和医院东院,协和西院,北京邮电总医院,邮电总医院,北京协和西院,北京协和医院西院区,北京协和医院西院,北京协和,北京市协和,北京邮电医院,协合医院,北京市协和医院,中国医学科学院北京协和医院,北京协合医院45,协和医院,北京协和,北京市协和,协和东院,北京协和医院东院,协和西院,北京邮电医院,北京协和西院,北京协和医院西院,协合医院,北京市协和医院,中国医学科学院北京协和医院,北京协合医院", "isopenrecipe" : null, "hits" : "0", "iscosmetologydoctor" : null, "hospitalid" : "1", "idx_facultyid" : "FacultyId_1010000", "activitytime" : null, "hospitalgrade" : "6", "idx_hospitalid" : "HospitalId_1", "username" : "" } } ] }, "aggregations" : { "grade" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 479, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "主任医师", "doc_count" : 77699 }, { "key" : "副主任医师", "doc_count" : 72939 }, { "key" : "主治医师", "doc_count" : 20399 }, { "key" : "", "doc_count" : 13558 }, { "key" : "住院医师", "doc_count" : 5731 }, { "key" : "副主任技师", "doc_count" : 896 }, { "key" : "副主任药师", "doc_count" : 612 }, { "key" : "主管技师", "doc_count" : 468 }, { "key" : "主任药师", "doc_count" : 355 }, { "key" : "副主任检验师", "doc_count" : 309 } ] } } }
两个或多个字段进行运算返回一个值进行排序
POST sphinx-doctor/_search { "_source": [ "clinicprice", "menzhenprice" ], "query": { "match_all": {} }, "sort": { "_script": { "type": "number", # string "order": "desc", "script": { "lang": "painless", "source": "doc['clinicprice'].value + doc['menzhenprice'].value" } } } } { "took" : 334, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 782852, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "sphinx-doctor-20.12.09-010000", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "102647", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "menzhenprice" : "1400", "clinicprice" : "2700.00" }, "sort" : [ 4100.0 ] }, { "_index" : "sphinx-doctor-20.12.09-010000", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "8231", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "menzhenprice" : "2000.00", "clinicprice" : "2000.00" }, "sort" : [ 4000.0 ] } ] } }
逻辑运算符进行判断来影响排序
POST sphinx-doctor/_search { "_source": [ "clinicprice", "menzhenprice" ], "from": 0, "size": 2, "query": { "match_all": {} }, "sort": [ { "complexrank": { "order": "desc" } }, { "_script": { "script": { "inline": "'北京 '==doc['hospitalprovince.keyword'].value?0:('陕西'==doc['hospitalprovince.keyword'].value?1:2)" }, "type": "number", "order": "asc" } } ] } { "took" : 80, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 782852, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "sphinx-doctor-20.12.09-010000", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "5279893112", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "menzhenprice" : "500", "clinicprice" : 0 }, "sort" : [ 981, 2.0 ] }, { "_index" : "sphinx-doctor-20.12.09-010000", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "124096", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "menzhenprice" : "200.00", "clinicprice" : "200.00" }, "sort" : [ 980, 2.0 ] } ] } }
到此,关于“Scripting脚本的介绍和使用方法”的学习就结束了,希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习,快去试试吧!若想继续学习更多相关知识,请继续关注创新互联网站,小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章!