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这篇文章主要讲解了java消除大量的if else判断的方法,内容清晰明了,对此有兴趣的小伙伴可以学习一下,相信大家阅读完之后会有帮助。
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1.简介
if判断语句是很多编程语言的重要组成部分。但是,若我们最终编写了大量嵌套的if语句,这将使得我们的代码更加复杂和难以维护。
让我们看看能否使用别的方式来做呢。
设计模式是为了更好的代码重用性,可读性,可靠性,可维护性,它有六大原则:
2.示例if..else
public int calculate(int a, int b, String operator) { int result = Integer.MIN_VALUE; if ("add".equals(operator)) { result = a + b; } else if ("multiply".equals(operator)) { result = a * b; } else if ("divide".equals(operator)) { result = a / b; } else if ("subtract".equals(operator)) { result = a - b; } else if ("modulo".equals(operator)) { result = a % b; } return result; }
switch-case
public int calculateUsingSwitch(int a, int b, String operator) { int result = 0; switch (operator) { case "add": result = a + b; break; case "multiply": result = a * b; break; case "divide": result = a / b; break; case "subtract": result = a - b; break; case "modulo": result = a % b; break; default: result = Integer.MIN_VALUE; } return result; }
3.重构
3.1 工厂方式重构
抽象层Operation.java
public interface Operation { int apply(int a, int b); }
加法实现Addition.java:
public class Addition implements Operation { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a + b; } }
减法实现Subtraction.java
public class Subtraction implements Operation { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a - b; } }
乘法实现Multiplication.java
public class Multiplication implements Operation { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a\*b; } }
除法实现Division.java
public class Division implements Operation { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a / b; } }
求余实现Modulo.java
public class Modulo implements Operation { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a % b; } }
工厂类OperatorFactory.java
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Optional; public class OperatorFactory { static MapoperationMap = new HashMap<>(); static { operationMap.put("add", new Addition()); operationMap.put("divide", new Division()); operationMap.put("multiply", new Multiplication()); operationMap.put("subtract", new Subtraction()); operationMap.put("modulo", new Modulo()); } public static Optional getOperation(String operation) { return Optional.ofNullable(operationMap.get(operation)); } }
使用示例
public int calculateUsingFactory(int a, int b, String operator) { Operation targetOperation = OperatorFactory .getOperation(operator) .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid Operator")); return targetOperation.apply(a, b); }
3.2 枚举方式重构
枚举实现Operator.java
public enum Operator { ADD { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a + b; } }, MULTIPLY { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a * b; } }, SUBTRACT { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a - b; } }, DIVIDE { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a / b; } }, MODULO { @Override public int apply(int a, int b) { return a % b; } }; public abstract int apply(int a, int b); }
封装Operator到Calculator.java
public int calculate(int a, int b, Operator operator) { return operator.apply(a, b); }
使用示例
@Test public void whenCalculateUsingEnumOperator_thenReturnCorrectResult() { Calculator calculator = new Calculator(); int result = calculator.calculate(3, 4, Operator.valueOf("ADD")); assertEquals(7, result); }
3.3 命令模式
抽象的接口
public interface Command { Integer execute(); }
实现类
package com.baeldung.reducingIfElse; public class AddCommand implements Command { private int a; private int b; public AddCommand(int a, int b) { this.a = a; this.b = b; } @Override public Integer execute() { return a + b; } }
其它略
包装
public int calculate(Command command) { return command.execute(); }
测试demo
@Test public void whenCalculateUsingCommand_thenReturnCorrectResult() { Calculator calculator = new Calculator(); int result = calculator.calculate(new AddCommand(3, 7)); assertEquals(10, result); }
3.4 规则引擎重构
抽象规则
public interface Rule { boolean evaluate(Expression expression); Result getResult(); }
实现规则AddRule.java 其它略
public class AddRule implements Rule { private int result; @Override public boolean evaluate(Expression expression) { boolean evalResult = false; if (expression.getOperator() == Operator.ADD) { this.result = expression.getX() + expression.getY(); evalResult = true; } return evalResult; } @Override public Result getResult() { return new Result(result); } }
其中:返回结果
public class Result { int value; public Result(int value) { this.value = value; } public int getValue() { return value; } }
表达式
public class Expression { private Integer x; private Integer y; private Operator operator; public Expression(Integer x, Integer y, Operator operator) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.operator = operator; } public Integer getX() { return x; } public Integer getY() { return y; } public Operator getOperator() { return operator; } }
规则引擎RuleEngine.java
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; import java.util.stream.Collectors; public class RuleEngine { private static Listrules = new ArrayList<>(); static { rules.add(new AddRule()); } public Result process(Expression expression) { Rule rule = rules.stream() .filter(r -> r.evaluate(expression)) .findFirst() .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("Expression does not matches any Rule")); return rule.getResult(); } }
测试demo
@Test public void whenNumbersGivenToRuleEngine_thenReturnCorrectResult() { Expression expression = new Expression(5, 5, Operator.ADD); RuleEngine engine = new RuleEngine(); Result result = engine.process(expression); assertNotNull(result); assertEquals(10, result.getValue()); }
4.比较
重构方式 | SRP | OCP | DIP | LSP | LD | CARP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IF/ELSE | N | N | N | N | N | N |
工厂方法 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
枚举方法 | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
命令模式 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
规则引擎 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
5.小结
为了更好的代码重用性,可读性,可靠性,可维护性,我们会尝试将IF/ELSE或者case-switch进行改造,使用工厂方法,枚举方法,命令模式,规则引擎方式不同方法进行尝试,最后使用设计模式的六大原则对代码进行评估。
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