使用Linux网站服务器的标准部署

系统约定
软件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr/local/Comsenz/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/Comsenz/sbin
MySQL 数据库位置 /data/mysql（可按情况设置）
Apache 网站根目录 /data/wwwroot（可按情况设置）
Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录 /data/wwwroot/logs（可按情况设置）
Apache 运行账户 www:www

相关推荐：pHp5.4+Apache+Mysql 服务器环境配置

系统环境初始化
1、检查系统是否正常
more /var/log/messages（检查有无系统级错误信息）

dmesg （检查硬件设备是否有错误信息）

cat /proc/cpuinfo (检查CpU频率是否正常)

top (按1检测CpU核数是否正常，内存大小是否正常)

ifconfig（检查网卡设置是否正确）

ping www.163.com（检查网络是否正常）

2、关闭不需要的服务
ntsysv

以下仅列出需要启动的服务，未列出的服务一律推荐关闭：

atd

crond

irqbalance

microcode_ctl

network

sendmail

sshd

syslog

关闭SElinux：

修改/etc/selinux/config文件中的SELINUX= 为 disabled

3、更换快速源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.old

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

wget http://c.sihost.net/CentOS-Base-sohu.repo

mv CentOS-Base-sohu.repo CentOS-Base.repo

yum clean

yum -y update

lsb_release -a

yum -y erase mysql

yum -y erase php

yum -y erase httpd

4、使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包（以下为标准的 RpM 包名称）
yum -y install ntp make openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel libpng libpng-devel libtiff-devel libjpeg-6b libjpeg-devel-6b freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel fontconfig-devel zlib zlib-devel libevent-devel gcc gcc-c++ flex bison bzip2-devel libXpm libXpm-devel ncurses ncurses-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel imake autoconf automake screen sysstat compat-libstdc++-33 curl curl-devel

5、定时校正服务器时钟，定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步
crontab –e

加入一行：

*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1

6、下载程序包
Apache

推荐稳定版 2.2.21

http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/

pHp

推荐稳定版5.2.17

http://cn.php.net/downloads.php

Mysql

推荐稳定版5.5.18

http://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

文中的配置文件和脚本限于篇幅，请到以下地址下载（仅支持linux下使用wget下载）

Apache控制脚本

http://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd

Apache配置文件

http://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd.conf

以上列出的程序最新推荐版下载列表

http://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list

在 /usr/local/src目录下执行

wget http://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list

wget -i lamp_tools.list

7、创建web运行用户
groupadd www

useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data/wwwroot

chmod +w /data/wwwroot

chown www:www /data/wwwroot -R

8、重新启动
init 6

编译安装环境
1、安装 MySQL
cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz

cd cmake-2.8.5/

./configure

gmake &&gmake install

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

mkdir -p /data/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.18.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.18

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_pREFIX=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

make && make install

cd /usr/local/Comsenz/mysql

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on

编辑/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

找到

basedir=

datadir=

改成

basedir=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql

然后

mkdir -p /usr/local/Comsenz/etc

cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /usr/local/Comsenz/etc/my.cnf

编辑/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/my.cnf

在 [mysqld] 段增加

datadir = /data/mysql

wait-timeout = 10

max_connections = 512

max_connect_errors = 10000000

local-infile=0

在 [mysqld] 段修改

max_allowed_packet = 16M

thread_cache_size = CpU个数*2

将 log-bin 注释

mv /usr/local/Comsenz/mysql/data/* /data/mysql

service mysqld start

bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'admin999'

其中admin999是要设置的root密码

2、安装 Apache
cd /usr/local/src/

tar zxvf httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz

cd httpd-2.2.21

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Comsenz/apache --enable-module=rewrite --disable-access --disable-auth --disable-charset-lite --disable-include --disable-log-config --disable-env --disable-setenvif --disable-mime --disable-status --disable-autoindex --disable-asis --disable-cgid --disable-cgi --disable-negotiation --disable-dir --disable-actions --disable-userdir --disable-alias --enable-so --enable-mods-shared='access auth auth_anon auth_dbm auth_digest dav dav_fs actions alias asis autoindex cache cern_meta cgi charset_lite deflate dir disk_cache env expires file_cache headers include info log_config logio mime mime_magic negotiation rewrite setenvif speling status unique_id userdir usertrack vhost_alias'

make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/

mv /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf.old

cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd.conf /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf

cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd /etc/init.d/httpd

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd

chkconfig --add httpd

chkconfig httpd on

3、编译安装pHp 所需的支持库
tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.14/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

./configure

make && make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

./configure

make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/

64bit系统执行下面的:

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1

ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib64/libiconv.so.2

32bit系统执行下面的:

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib/libiconv.so.2

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make && make install

4、编译安装pHp
cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf php-5.2.17.tar.gz

cd php-5.2.17

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Comsenz/php5 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/Comsenz/etc --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-png-dir=/usr --enable-magic-quotes --with-mysql=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql --with-pear --enable-sockets --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-zlib --enable-sysvsem --enable-exif --enable-sysvshm --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-apxs2=/usr/local/Comsenz/apache/bin/apxs --with-iconv=/usr/local/libiconv --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-xmlrpc --enable-xml --enable-shmop --enable-zip --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --enable-discard-path --enable-bcmath --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --with-openssl

make &&make install

./libtool --finish /usr/local/src/php-5.2.17/libs

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini

echo 'ulimit -SHn 65535' >> /etc/rc.local

5、安装pHp扩展模块（需要此功能的Discuz! X用户选装）
ApC

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf ApC-3.1.9.tgz

cd ApC-3.1.9

/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-apc --enable-mmap --enable-apc-spinlocks --disable-apc-pthreadmutex --with-php-config=/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/bin/php-config

make &&make install

编辑/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini

查找

extension_dir =

在下面一行添加

extension_dir = "/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

extension="apc.so"

apc.enabled = 1

apc.shm_size = 64M

apc.stat = 1

保存

6、查看确认L.A.M.p环境信息、提升 pHp 安全性
保存以下内容为info.php到/data/www/，检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。



phpinfo();

?>

确认 pHp 能够正常工作后，编辑/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini进行设置提升pHp安全性。

查找

disable_functions =

修改成

disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,shell_exec,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,leak,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,popen

然后

service httpd restart
文章名称：使用Linux网站服务器的标准部署
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